Scintillators convert radiation energy into light and are utilized in a variety of fields including medicine and security. Of the many scintillators, Eu (europium)-doped CaF₂ (calcium fluoride) crystals stand out due to their high light yield (approximately 20,000 photons/MeV), excellent optical transparency, and chemical stability.
Luminescence characteristics of Eu-doped CaF₂ crystals vary with radiation type, study shows
