The Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS), along with the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), officially replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC), Indian Evidence Act (IEA), and the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) today. These changes